The Depression Stress Link: How To Survive When Life Is Hard
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Chemistry and the depression stress Link
Chemistry isn’t the whole explanation for stress and depression, but it is part of the explanation. When we are stressed, we secrete chemicals such as adrenalin that prepare us to meet a threat. Our heart rate and blood pressure increase, muscle tone increases, we are more alert and vigilant.
Serotonin is a brain chemical that helps regulate mood. We don’t know for sure what causes depression, but we do know that when the amount of serotonin present at the ends of our nerve cells is increased, depression gets better. We also know that serotonin is necessary for us to handle stress effectively, and that people with low serotonin levels are more sensitive to stress. So low levels of serotonin may be associated with both depression and a poor stress response.
Early Trauma: The Beginning of the Depression Stress Link
Recently, researchers have found that people who have experienced significant trauma early in childhood have a higher tendency to be depressed than others. Significant early trauma is a threat to a child’s survival, and the child’s body and body chemistry may be changed by that threat. We say it is “hard-wired” into their biochemistry.
These individuals exhibit a strong depression stress link. When something stressful happens, their response to the stress is out of proportion. The response is in proportion to the original trauma, not the event that is happening in the present. There is an elevated response with stress hormones and a diminished response with serotonin, which creates a direct depression stress link.
Implications of the Depression Stress Link
People in whom the depression stress link is heightened and activated tend to experience stress as low-level depression. Most people experience anxiety during stressful times, but these individuals are more likely to experience depression. Being aware of the depression stress link gives them some tools for dealing with their depression:
When the person starts to get depressed, he can identify stressors that might be contributing to his depression.
He can use stress management techniques to manage stress and to improve the depression.
During stressful times, he may want to take prophylactic anti-depressants, especially ones that improve serotonin levels.
He can understand that managing stress is an important, life-long health habit for him.
He can develop insight and awareness enough to deal with the original trauma so that he responds more appropriately to present stressors.
The depression stress link is very real and is especially pronounced in people who experienced early childhood trauma. Dealing with the original trauma, learning to manage stress, and treating depression during stressful times may help these people have a better quality of life.
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